Sub-MIC of antibiotics induced biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of chlorhexidine

Public health is facing a new challenge due to the alarming increase in bacterial resistance to most of the conventional antibacterial agents. It has been found that only minor cell damage is caused when exposed to sub-lethal levels of antimicrobial. Biofilms can play an important role in producing resistance, which is developed to reservoirs of pathogens in the hospital and cannot be easily removed. The aim of this study was to test whether the sub-lethal dose of antibiotics can induce biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa following incubating in the presence and absence of chlorhexidine. Standard antibiotic-micro broth 96-flat well plates were used for determination of MIC and biofilm assay. The adherence degree of biofilm was determined by estimation of OD630 nm values using ELISA reader. The mean 22 isolates of P. aeruginosa growing in culture with presence and absence of chlorhexidine, could exhibited the significant (p < 0.001) proportion of adherence followed incubation in sub minimal inhibitory concentrations (Sub-MIC) of cefotaxim, amoxicillin, and azithromycin in comparison with control (antibiotic-free broth), while the sub-MIC of ciprofloxacin revealed significant inhibition of biofilm. Conclusion: Incubating the isolates of P. aeruginosa to sub-MIC of antibiotics exhibited induction of biofilm in the presence of chlorhexidine.

Performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl fed on dietary Neem [Azadirachta indica] leaf powder as a growth promoter

The present work aimed at studying growth pattern and carcass traits in pearl grey guinea fowl fed on dietary Neem [Azadirachta indica] leaf powder [NLP] over a period of 12 weeks. Day old guinea fowl keets [n=120] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each with 3 replicates. The first treatment was designated as control [T[0]] in which no supplement was added to the feed, while in treatments T[1], T[2] and T[3], NLP was provided as 1, 2 and 3 g per kg of feed, respectively. The results revealed a significant increase in body weight at 12 weeks; 1229.7 for T[1], 1249.8 for T[2], and 1266.2 g T[3] compared to 1220.0 g for the control group [P<0.05]. The results also showed that the supplementation of NLP significantly increased feed intake [P

Apicoformación en dientes permanentes jóvenes / Apexification in young permanent teeth

La endodoncia regenerativa desarrolla técnicas basadas en ingeniería de tejidos para reponer tejidos perdidos. Con el desarrollo del conocimiento actual de la biología molecular, la microbiología y la genética, entre otras disciplinas, estamos en condiciones de introducirnos en el conocimiento de las cascadas de señales intracelulares desencadenadas por los sistemas complejos autoorganizados en sus procesos de autoreparación. Esto nos permite definir los pasos que debemos efectuar para la regeneración ad integrum de los tejidos que conforman el sistema de inserción dental

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Survival of the Composite Graft and the Proper Time of Injection in a Rabbit Ear Composite Graft Model

BACKGROUND: Administration of growth factors has been associated with increased viability of composite grafts greater than 1-cm in diameter. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains many of the growth factors studied. In this study, we evaluate the effect of PRP injection on composite graft viability and the proper time for injection. METHODS: A total of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups. Autologous PRP was injected into the recipient sites three days before grafting in group 1, on the day of grafting in group 2, and three days after grafting in group 3. Group 4 served as control without PRP administration. Auricular composite grafts of 3-cm diameter were harvested and grafted back into place after being rotated 180 degrees. Median graft viability and microvessel density were evaluated at day 21 of graft via macroscopic photographs and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. RESULTS: The median graft survival rate was 97.8% in group 1, 69.2% in group 2, 55.7% in group 3, and 40.8% in the control group. The median vessel counts were 34 (per x200 HPF) in group 1, 24.5 in group 2, 19.5 in group 3, and 10.5 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that PRP administration is associated with increased composite graft viability. All experimental groups showed a significantly higher survival rate and microvessel density, compared with the control group. Pre-administration of PRP was followed by the highest graft survival rate and revascularization. PRP treatments are minimally invasive, fast, easily applicable, and inexpensive, and offer a potential clinical pathway to larger composite grafts.

Selección y caracterización de rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (RPCV) asociadas al cultivo de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum) / Selection and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR’s) associated with cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum)

Como parte de las estrategias de una agricultura sostenible, se hace necesario disminuir el uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados de síntesis, mediante la utilización de los biofertilizantes. En particular, los géneros Azotobacter y Azospirillum son utilizados como agentes promotores de crecimiento vegetal debido a su capacidad para fijar nitrógeno atmosférico y producir hormonas de tipo indólico. Por tal razón, en este estudio se aislaron bacterias diazotróficas de los géneros Azotobacter y Azospirillum a partir de la rizósfera de cultivos de algodón en el Espinal (Tolima). Las poblaciones microbianas se caracterizaron fenó­picamente en los medios de cultivo semiespecificos: Ashby y LG (Azotobacter sp.) y NFb, LGI y Batata (Azospirillum sp.). La promoción de crecimiento vegetal se determinó mediante la actividad de la enzima nitrogenasa por medio de la técnica de reducción de acetileno y producción de índoles por el método colorimérico de Salkowsky. Se obtuvieron 9 aislamientos tentativos de Azotobacter sp. y 4 de Azospirillum sp. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en la prueba de reducción de acetileno con las cepas presuntivas de Azotobacter sp.: NAT 9 (206.43 nmol C2H2 mL-1.h-1), NAT 4, (292.77 nmol C2H2 mL-1.h-1), y NAT 6 (460.60 nmol C2H2 mL-1.h-1) y en la producción de índoles de las cepas NAT 19 (19.87 íµg.mL-1) y NAT 13 (20.08 íµg.mL-1). Por su eficiencia In vitro en la promoción de crecimiento vegetal se seleccionaron las cepas NAT9, NAT4, NAT6, NAT19 y NAT13 para ser evaluadas como principio activo en futuros inoculantes para el algodón en esta zona del departamento del Tolima.

As part of strategies for sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to reduce the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers through the use of biofertilisers. In particular, the genera Azotobacter and Azospirillum are used as plant growth promoters because of their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and indolic type hormones. For this reason, in this study were isolated diazotrophic bacteria of the genera Azotobacter and Azospirillum from the rhizosphere of cotton crops in Espinal (Tolima). The microbial populations were characterized phenotypically in specific semi culture media: Ashby and LG (Azotobacter sp.) and NFb, LGI and Batata (Azospirillum sp.). The promotion of plant growth was determined by the enzyme nitrogenase activity through acetylene reduction technique and production of indoles by the salkowsky colorimetric method. 9 isolates were obtained tentative Azotobacter sp. and 4 of Azospirillum sp. Significant differences in acetylene reduction test with presumptive strains of Azotobacter sp.: NAT 9 (206.43 nmol C2H2 mL-1.h-1), NAT, 4, (292.77 nmol C2H2 mL-1.h-1), and NAT 6 (460.60 nmol C2H2 mL-1.h-1) and indole production strains NAT 19 (19.87 µg.mL-1) and NAT 13 (20.08 µg.mL-1). In vitro efficiency in promoting plant growth were selected strains NAT9, NAT4, NAT6, NAT19 and NAT13 to be evaluated as active in future inoculants on cotton in this part of the department of Tolima.

[New antibiotic replacements as growth and health promoters]

Antibiotics usage in domestic animals, as antibiotic growth promoters [AGPs] was considered from middle of 1950 onwards. Antibiotic feed additives as growth promoters have long been supplemented to animal food in very low amounts [5 to 20 ppm] to stabilize the intestinal microbial flora, improve the general performances, and prevent some specific intestinal pathogens. The widespread use of antibiotics as AGPs is playing a significant role in the emergence of resistant bacteria. The resistant bacteria in animals due to antibiotic exposure can be transmitted to human through the consumption of their products, from close or direct contact with animals, or through the environment and consequently, the increased concern about the potential for antibiotic resistant bacteria was led the European Union and the United States regulations banning the use of AGPs in animal food since 2006. Various studies always look for a suitable replacement antibiotics to substitute to preserve the valuable role of these compounds. Extensive efforts on these alternatives have been started in last decades and some of these alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, ionophores, acidifier, organic acids, medicinal herbs and phytogenic can be pointed out. Hence, the aim of this review is to evaluate the antibiotic replacement strategy particularly medicinal herbs and their mechanisms as new growth and health promoters

A remarkable role of growth factors in resolving oral and specific periodontal pathologies: A strategic review.

The knowledge and the understanding of the role of growth factors, their mechanisms of action, and molecular signaling pathways, which have been reviewed in this article, suggest the potential for many novel therapeutic targets, not only for applying growth factors but also for the potential use of growth factor inhibitors or agents that target specific parts of the intracellular signaling pathways in controlling oral pathologies. There remains an enormous challenge to convert some of the knowledge from basic studies of bone cell physiology and inflammatory cells to therapeutically useful techniques for the future.

Preliminary pharmacological evaluation of Martynia annua Linn leaves for wound healing

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the wound healing potential of fractions from ethanol extract of Martynia annua (M. annua) Linn leaves.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ethanol extract of M. annua Linn leaves was fractionate into three different fractions (MAF-A, MAF-B and MAF-C) which were screened for wound healing potential using two models: excision and incision on rats. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of all fractions were analyzed and TLC of luteolin was also done. The Povidone-Iodine Ointment was used as reference for comparision. Excision and incision wounds were created on dorsal portion of rats for study. Wound contraction, biochemical parameters (protein level and hydroxyproline level) and histopathological study were performed in excision wound model whereas incision model was used for determination of tensile strength.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound contraction and tensile strength of skin tissues were observed significantly greater in MAF-C fraction treated group than other two fractions (P<0.01). In excision wound method (on day 18) protein content and hydroxyproline were found significantly higher in MAF-C group than control group (P<0.01). Histopathological study also showed better angiogenesis, matured collagen fibres and fibroblast cells as compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In conclusion, our findings suggest that fraction MAF-C from ethanol extract of M. annua leaves is found most effective in wound healing.</p>

DNA Methylation Patterns of Ulcer-Healing Genes Associated with the Normal Gastric Mucosa of Gastric Cancers

Recent evidence suggests that gastric mucosal injury induces adaptive changes in DNA methylation. In this study, the methylation status of the key tissue-specific genes in normal gastric mucosa of healthy individuals and cancer patients was evaluated. The methylation-variable sites of 14 genes, including ulcer-healing genes (TFF1, TFF2, CDH1, and PPARG), were chosen from the CpG-island margins or non-island CpGs near the transcription start sites. The healthy individuals as well as the normal gastric mucosa of 23 ulcer, 21 non-invasive cancer, and 53 cancer patients were examined by semiquantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The ulcer-healing genes were concurrently methylated with other genes depending on the presence or absence of CpG-islands in the normal mucosa of healthy individuals. Both the TFF2 and PPARG genes were frequently undermethylated in ulcer patients. The over- or intermediate-methylated TFF2 and undermethylated PPARG genes was more common in stage-1 cancer patients (71%) than in healthy individuals (10%; odds ratio [OR], 21.9) and non-invasive cancer patients (21%; OR, 8.9). The TFF2-PPARG methylation pattern of cancer patients was stronger in the older-age group (> or =55 yr; OR, 43.6). These results suggest that the combined methylation pattern of ulcer-healing genes serves as a sensitive marker for predicting cancer-prone gastric mucosa.

Indice de sustancia activa (AKS) distribución percentilar en edades pediátricas / Active substance index (AKS) percentile distribution in pediatric ages

Se programó conocer la distribución percentilar del índice de sustancia activa (AKS), en niños y niñas de 4 a 9 años para disponer de valores de referencia de este indicador. Se calculó en 3.634 niños eutróficos, con talla normal, sanos, de una comunidad urbana marginal, atendidos en el Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano (CANIA) entre enero 1999 y diciembre 2007. Se excluyeron niños prematuros, con inicio de estirón puberal y patologías crónicas definidas o en estudio. El cálculo del peso graso necesario para calcular el índice AKS, se hizo con la fórmula de 2 pliegues de Dugdale y Griffiths para niños menores de 150 cm y niñas de menores de 140 cm. Las variables antropométricas fueron medidas por antropometristas estandarizadas con control de calidad cuatrimestral, aplicando las normas recomendadas Internacionalmente. Se obtuvieron los estadísticos descriptivos del índice y de las variables utilizadas en su cálculo, así como los percentiles 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 y 97 del índice. Se aplicó el test de Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, Anova de una vía, Chi cuadrado, test de Tukey y correlaciones divariadas (p < 0,05). El comportamiento del índice evidenció valores mayores en el sexo masculino decrecientes con la edad tanto en los varones como en las hembras, variando la mediana de 1,28 a 1,04 en el sexo masculino y de 1,17 a 0,94 en el femenino. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para cada año de edad y sexo. Se dispone de valores de distribución percentilar del índice AKS para la evaluación nutricional en edades pediátricas, debiéndose validar su efectividad.

The aim of this study was to discern the percentile distribution of the Active Substance Index (AKS) in boys and girls aged 4 to 9 years in order to obtain reference values for this indicator. This index was calculated in 3,634 healthy and well-nourished children with normal stature from a poor urban community at Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano (CANIA), within the period between January 1999 and December 2007. Children with prematurity backgrounds, pubertal growth spurts, or with chronic pathologies, whether defined or under study, were excluded. The Dugdale & Griffiths two-skinfold equation for boys and girls shorter than 150 cm and 140 cm, respectively was used to obtain the fat body mass required to estimate the AKS index. The variables were measured by standardized anthropometrics technicians, with quality control every 4 months as recommended by international standards. Descriptive statistics of the AKS index and variables used for their calculation were obtained, as well as index percentiles 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 97. Tests applied included Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, Anova one-way, Chi Square, Tukey and bivariated correlations (p < 0.05). The AKS index behavior exhibited higher values in the boys, decreasing with age in both sexes, ranging from 1.28 to 1.04 in the boys and from 1.17 to 0.94 in the girls. Statistically significant differences were found for each age and sex. These results provide the AKS index percentile distribution values needed for nutritional assessments in pediatric ages. These values should be validated and their effectiveness should be studied.

Addition of isovitalex in chocolate agar for the isolation of Haemophilus influenzae.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The reason for lack of data on burden of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in developing countries was mainly failure of detection of this fastidious organism in laboratories. Use of isovitalex (IVX) was suggested as an essential supplement for growing this organism. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of IVX supplementation to chocolate agar for detection of Hib. METHODS: Chocolate agar with and without supplementation of IVX was prepared. Clinical samples as well as reference strains of Hib were simultaneously cultured on both the media. RESULTS: H. influenzae isolates (N=194) were simultaneously grown on chocolate agar (CA) with and without isovitalex (IVX). Average colony size of H. influenzae on CA with IVX (CA-IVX) was larger only by 0.10 cm (range 0.05 to 0.16 cm) compared to CA alone. Addition of IVX to CA increased the cost of media by 2.1-fold. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Isovitalex is not essential for the isolation and growth of H. influenzae almost halving the cost.

AIEPI Nut clínico bases técnicas: versión actualizad

Realizar un profundo reforzamiento del componente de la estrategia AIEPI, que considere el proceso de la atención al niño o niña que son llevados a los establecimientos de salud y que fortalezca las competencias del personal de salud para la promoción de las prácticas nutricionales.

Role of colostrum in gastrointestinal infections.

Colostrum is breast milk produced after the birth of the newborn and lasts for 2-4 days. Colostrum is very important part of breast milk and lays down the immune system and confers growth factors and other protective factors for the young ones in mammals. This is the source of passive immunity transferred to the baby from the mother. The biological value of bovine colostrum in present day medical practice is documented in clinical trials and large databases containing case reports and anecdotal findings. The main actions include an antibacterial effect and modulation of immune response with the ability to neutralize lipopolysaccharides arising from gram negative bacterial pathogens. It has been found to be effective in infantile hemorrhagic diarrheas, other diarrheas and reduces the likelihood of disease progressing to hemolytic uremic syndrome. It has also been tested in H. pylori infection and diarrhea in immunodeficiency. Side effects of clinical relevance are limited to possible intolerance due to lactose and sensitivity to milk proteins.

Uso de concentrado autologo rico en factores de crecimiento en la reconstruccion del ligamento cruzado anterior / Using AutoLogo concentrate rich in growth factors in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament

Hipotesis: La aplicación de factores de crecimiento obtenidos de concentrado plaquetario autólogo al injerto al efectuar la reeconstrucción de ligamento. cruzado anterior en deportistas, afecta positivamente el proceso de remodelación del injerto utilizado. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto que tiene en el proceso de remodelación del injerto, la aplicación de factores de crecimiento obtenidos de concentrado plaquetario autólogo al efectuar la reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior en deportistas. Diseño del estudio: Prospectivo, clínico randomizado, con grupo control y ciego simple. Método: Se realiza en forma prospectiva el análisis de 50 reconstrucciones de LCA en 50 pacientes, todas ellas realizadas por el mismo equipo quirúrgico. Al grupo A , además de efectuar la reconstrucción de LCA, se adiciona Concentrado Plaquetario Autólogo, desarrollando una técnica de aplicación que permite estandarizar la dosis de concentrado empleada y evitar la pérdida de este en el paso del injerto a través de los túneles óseos. Los pacientes del grupo A se sometieron a estudio de resonancia magnética en forma seriada a los 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Y 9 meses postoperatorio. El grupo control el estudio se realizó a los 3, 4, 6, 7,9,10 ,11 ,12 meses. La evaluación de las placas obtenidas fue realizada por un solo radiólogo en forma ciega, ya que desconocía: tiempo de evolución, técnica quirúrgica empleada o si se aplicó AGE analisis estadístico: Comparación de Grupos: T-Student (p-value <5%) Y Prueba F (p-value <5%). Modelo cuadrático predictivo de tiempo de maduración (homogeneidad) para determinar el tiempo de remodelación y maduración en cada grupo. Resultados: El puntaje promedio de maduración al momento de la resonancia magnética, entregado por el radiólogo en el grupo A fue de 1,14 y en el grupo B (control) fue de 3,25. Ambos grupos son comparables según sexo y edad (p-value <5%). El tiempo de maduración del segmento intraarticular, en el grupo A (co...

Desarrollo pulmonar / Lung development

El desarrollo pulmonar es un proceso complejo y altamente organizado, en el que se reconocen varias etapas dinámicas: embrionaria, pseudoglandular, canalicular, sacular, alveolar, maduración microvascular, hiperplasia activa e hipertrofia. El desarrollo de la vía aérea es seguido de modo estrecho por el desarrollo de la vasculatura pulmonar, para concluir en la formación de la unidad alvéolo-capilar. Todos estos procesos se encuentran controlados estrechamente por factores genéticos, tales como factores de crecimiento y otras moléculas, de acción sólo parcialmente comprendida. Para alcanzar un normal desarrollo, son fundamentales los movimientos respiratorios fetales, un adecuado espacio intratorácico, fluido intra y extrapulmonar en volumen suficiente y una adecuada irrigación y nutrición. Durante los procesos de organogénesis pueden ocurrir diversas alteraciones, debidas a factores materno-fetales, genéticos o ambientales, originando así anomalías del desarrollo, tanto en el período prenatal como postnatal. La respiración fetal y el fluido pulmonar juegan un papel importante en la delicada relación entre los epitelios de la vía aérea y el mesénquima, al promover el crecimiento pulmonar. Los movimientos respiratorios son fundamentales en la preservación del volumen pulmonar. Se postula que las contracciones peristálticas espontáneas de la vía aérea, favorecen la expansión de los brotes pulmonares al facilitar su crecimiento hacia el mesénquima circundante. Los corticoides, administrados en el período pre o postnatal, aceleran el crecimiento pulmonar por variados mecanismos, a costa de acortar el período de formación de los septos y disminuir el número final de alvéolos.

Relation between maternal plasma concentration of serum endoglin in patients with IUGR and preeclampsia: correlation with doppler study

The aim of the study was to compare between the rise in serum endoglin [sEng] in pregnant women with normotensive IUGR and preeclamptic pregnant women with and without IUGR and to compare between serum placental growth factor [PIGF] and endoglin levels in serum of pregnant patients with IUGR. Prospective analytic comparative study. The study includes group [1] 17 cases with manifest preeclampsia without IUGR, group [2] 11 cases with preeclampsia and IUGR, group [3] 12 normotensive pregnancies with IUGR and 15 gestational age matched control. sEng and PIGF were determined by ELISA, Doppler examination of the umbilitcal vessels in the form of PI and S/D ratio were done. The three groups show significantly higher sEng concentration compared to the control group [32.2 +/- 6.0 ng/ml, 42.3 +/- 10.5 ng/ml, 24.5 +/- 7.1 ng/ml and 12.2 +/- 3.6 ng/ml in the 4 groups respectively, p<0.001]. The three groups showed significantly lower level of PIGF [45.4 +/- 20.4 pg/ml, 23.3 +/- 12.1 pg/ml, 73.1 +/- 54.7 pg/ml and 111.1 +/- 58.4 pg/ml in the 4 groups respectively. P<0.003]. There was no significant difference between sEng in the three groups. Significant difference was found for serum levels of PIGF between normotensive IUGR and the other 2 groups. There was a significant positive correlation between sEng levels and S/D ratio [r= .939 p< 0.001] and PI [r=.695 p<0.001] of the umbilical vessels in group of preeclampsia without IUGR and insignificant correlation between serum levels of PIGF and Doppler study of the umbilical vessels in the same group. sEng increased in all cases with placental pathology even in normotensive IUGR, while PIGF has the reverse relationship, it decreased in placental pathology with negative relationship with severity. The correlation between maternal serum levels of sEng and PIGF and Doppler ultrasound indices of umbilical arteries in pre-eclampsia and IUGR reflect the severity of the disorders

Plasma rico en plaquetas en cirugia ortopedica y traumatologica / Platelet rich plasma in orthopaedic surgery

Objetivo: describir la preparación y aplicación clínica del plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) en cirugia ortopédica y traumatología. Material y método: Se realiza una descripcion del método de preparacion del concretado plaquetario y se describe su uso en cirugía protésica de rodilla, rupturas tendinosas, fractura de cadera y rodilla, cirugía ligamentaria de rodilla y otras patologías ortopédicas de otras partes del organismo, haciendo una descripcion de los factores de crecimiento plaquetario y su función. Discusión: Se describen los efectos clínicos buscados con el uso de los mismos, analizando el metodo de preparacion utilizado, el modo de aplicacion y de activación en los diferentes casos. Se realiza un analisis bibliográfico con resultados de series más extensas. Conclusión: Las ciencias básicas estudian y avalan la hipotesis de la utilización de niveles suprafisiologicos de plaquetas autologas en el sitio de la herida. Una pequeña colección de estudios con controles retrospectivos o prospectivos demuestra una significativa mejoría en la cicatrizacion de las heridas con el uso de PRP. Estos estudios deberían servir de modelo para muchos más estudios clínicos controlados que ayuden a valorar los verdaderos meritos de la aplicacion del PRP.

Avaliação histológica do processo de reparo ósseo apósimplantação de BMPs / Histological evaluation of the bone repair process after implantation of BMPs

Objetivo: Avaliar histológicamente o processo de reparo ósseoapós a implantação de um pool de proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas(Gen-Pro®).Método: Criou-se 24 defeitos ósseos em fêmur de vinte e quatroRattus norgegicus albinus, machos, clinicamente sadios com pesoaproximado entre 300 e 350 g, sendo um defeito por cobaia. Osanimais foram fornecidos pelo biotério central da UniversidadeEstadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS) e divididos em 2 grupos:Grupo I (Controle; n=12) que foram preenchidos apenas com coagulosanguíneo e Grupo II (Gen-Pro; n=12) ) preenchidos com o pool debBMPs. Os animais foram sacrificados em 15, 21 ou 30 dias, aslâminas coradas em Hematoxilina/Eosina e Picrosirius, e analisadaspor microscopia de luz através de análise descritiva e semiquantitativaconsiderando parâmetros representativos do processode reparo, tais como: reparo cortical, fibras colágenas, infiltradoinflamatório e neoformação óssea.Resultados: Nos períodos iniciais de 15 e 21 dias foi observadouma diferença estatisticamente )